Canadian beaver (Castor canadensis)
Place observed
Miller Marsh and Tylee Marsh
Description
The largest rodent in North America. It is semi-aquatic and measures between 65 and 90 cm in length. Rather clumsy and slow on the ground, it is graceful and dexterous in the water. Its broad, flat tail accounts for about a third of its total length. Its fur is thick, water-repellent and brown. Its front legs are delicate and agile, like little hands. Its teeth are impressive. Specially adapted for cutting tree trunks and branches, its incisors are long, strong and sharp. This is what enables it to build its characteristic dams and huts.
Habitat
The Canadian Beaver's territory is North America. In Canada, it is found in all regions. Further south, however, it has virtually disappeared from certain American states and northern Mexico that were once part of its range. It is mainly found in wooded areas bordering waterways.
In Rosemère, signs of its presence can easily be seen along the Rivière-des- Mille-îles, at Marécage Tylee and at Marais Miller.
The Canadian Beaver is known for its important role in the creation of North America's marsh, river and lake ecosystems. Called an "engineering species", it is recognized that more than any other animal, it has had an influence on the history of Canada.
The dams Beavers build are unique in the animal world. They create them using trunks, branches, mud and rock to create a barrier in rivers and streams. Water is then channeled through the dam to create a flooded area, creating a habitat for themselves and other animals. Their sturdy huts are also remarkable. Located inside the ponds created by the dams, they are fashioned from branches, mud and leaves. Their entrance is underwater, year-round, safe from predators.
Diet
Beavers are mainly active at night. They are herbivores, feeding mainly on tree bark, grass and aquatic plants. They stock up on food when access to it is limited. And contrary to what many people think, they don't hibernate. Instead, they accumulate food reserves near their huts and sleep for longer in winter.
Reproduction
Beavers are monogamous, staying with the same partner for life. The female is the central figure in the beaver family, representing the basic unit of their colonies. Babies are born in May or June, 3 or 4 in number, and are generally ready to leave their parents the following spring.
Status and threats
The Canadian beaver has a rich cultural history among aboriginal peoples, thanks to its formidable fur. It was used to make clothing and blankets, among other things. Unfortunately, it has been over-hunted in recent centuries to meet the demand for beaver pelts on the European market. The result was a drastic decline in its population in many regions until the species' trapping season was abolished in the 1930s. Since then, fortunately, protection efforts and reintroduction programs have been implemented, enabling its population to increase again in many regions.
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